The Quaker Peace Testimony and Ukraine

March 31, 2022

Over on Friends Jour­nal, the head of Sid­well Friends School on Quak­ers and paci­fism is get­ting some atten­tion, in part I think because it’s not abso­lutist on pacifism:

Quak­ers are short on dog­ma and long on dis­cern­ment, a process that calls indi­vid­u­als to inter­ro­gate cir­cum­stances, seek truth, and act upon their con­science. Over the cen­turies indi­vid­ual Quak­ers have engaged in war­fare pro­vid­ed they deemed the cause just. Some­where between thir­ty and fifty per­cent of eli­gi­ble U.S. and British Quak­ers fought in World War I, and approx­i­mate­ly three-quarters chose to bear arms in World War II. 

His­to­ry is his­to­ry, of course, and Friends’ atti­tudes have actu­al­ly been more flu­id than our peace tes­ti­mo­ny would let on. The first rejoin­der online comes from Don Bad­g­ley:

So, let us be clear; with­out the direct and present lead­er­ship of the Divine Source, our so-called “tes­ti­monies” crum­ble to dust. Absent that One Source these “tes­ti­monies” are lit­tle more than religio-political pos­tur­ing, relics — and impos­si­ble to jus­ti­fy, espe­cial­ly with­in the con­text of the actu­al evil we see in the world today. Alter­na­tive­ly, when we tes­ti­fy to the whole world about the life-altering Truths that orig­i­nate in our Expe­ri­ence of the Divine Pres­ence, that min­istry is imbued with a vital, even mirac­u­lous power. 

As in most things Quak­er, I find myself intel­lec­tu­al­ly in agree­ment with both of them (we’ve got a com­pli­cat­ed his­to­ry). I’m per­son­al­ly quite paci­fist. Even defen­sive wars kill inno­cents and lib­er­a­to­ry good guys have become tyrants over and over again in his­to­ry. But I have to admit I’ve been quite grate­ful to see Ukraini­ans suc­cess­ful­ly hold­ing the Russ­ian army at bay. I think it’s pos­si­ble for paci­fists to be strate­gic and even have an edge of realpoli­tik as we ques­tion war-making, both philo­soph­i­cal­ly and tactically. 

Cesar Chavez Day memories

March 31, 2022

Every year around Cesar Chavez day I look for traces of my involve­ment with him. In the spring of 1987 he came to my col­lege cam­pus to recruit an annu­al mini-army of col­lege interns to work on what­ev­er cam­paign the Unit­ed Farm Work­ers were orga­niz­ing that sum­mer. I was back from a two-week, semi-authorized drop-out for a peace march and was intrigued with its glimpse into alter­na­tive com­mu­ni­ties. Now here was an oppor­tu­ni­ty to work with a liv­ing non­vi­o­lence leg­end: yes please!

Much of the actu­al work turned out to be pret­ty mean­ing­less, I must admit. I did a lot of cold call­ing to church answer­ing machines to tell them about a video we were going to mail out to them (“nar­rat­ed by Mike Far­rell!”). But the con­text of the expe­ri­ence was great: liv­ing in a rent­ed house with oth­er UFW interns in East Brunswick, N.J. (one of whom became a seri­ous rela­tion­ship); work­ing in New York at a revolv­ing num­ber of desks at what­ev­er union would lend us a room; dis­cov­er­ing cheese enchi­ladas via Cesar’s always kind daugh­ter Lin­da; com­mut­ing into pre-gentrification Tribeca lis­ten­ing to some atro­cious 1980s bub­blegum pop sta­tion because that’s what Lin­da’s tween daugh­ters Olivia and Julia liked.

In July, we orga­nized an event back in Philly for Cesar: a protest out­side the A&P stock­hold­er meet­ing pres­sur­ing them to stop sell­ing grapes treat­ed with pes­ti­cides. I did a lot of orga­niz­ing around this: writ­ing first drafts of press releas­es, help­ing to get local labor unions out to the event to boost num­bers. Googling this morn­ing I found the pho­to above, tak­en at the event. That’s Cesar’s son-in-law and my boss Artie Rodriguez behind him to the right. I would have been some­where near­by just out of cam­era reach. The cap­tion reads:

Farm leader Cesar Chavez speaks to a group of sup­port­ers in Philadel­phia 7/9 out­side the hotel where the A&P stock­hold­ers were hold­ing their annu­al meet­ing. Chavez sup­port­ers were demand­ing that the super­mar­ket chain stop sell­ing Cal­i­for­nia grapes that are con­tact­ed with pes­ti­cides that cause cancer. 

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It would prob­a­bly stun kids today that before cell phones many of us just did­n’t take pic­tures. Despite work­ing with him for an extend­ed sum­mer, and walk­ing with him in the 1987 March on Wash­ing­ton for Les­bian and Gay Rights, I have no pic­tures of myself with Cesar (I do have a card­board poster I prob­a­bly drew in ten min­utes, which he signed). But I have mem­o­ries of that sum­mer 35 (!) years ago. He was always kind and fun­ny and sur­pris­ing­ly down to earth. His charis­ma brought togeth­er an inter­est­ing col­lec­tion of fol­low­ers and I was glad to be one.

Panel talk on Safety in Meetings

March 15, 2022

Updat­ed to reflect the pan­el has hap­pened: On Wednes­day the 23rd there was a Zoom pan­el on the March issue of Friends Jour­nal, “Safe­ty in Meet­ings,” co-sponsored by the mag­a­zine and by Quak­ers in Pas­toral Care and Coun­sel­ing (QPCC).

The March 2022 issue of Friends Jour­nal, Safe­ty in Meet­ings, has brought up impor­tant ques­tions and ideas for Friends con­cerned with pas­toral care and abuse pre­ven­tion. How do we rec­og­nize when the unthink­able hap­pens; how do we heal? How can we be open and wel­com­ing to all peo­ple; do clear bound­aries and com­mu­ni­ty expec­ta­tions con­tribute to that? Is there a Quak­er wit­ness to pro­tect the vul­ner­a­ble in our community?

Our pan­elists are QPC­C’s Bruce Heck­man and Friends Jour­nal authors Kody Hersh (Sacred Respon­si­bil­i­ty), Jade Rock­well (Sheep Among Wolves), Melin­da Wen­ner Bradley and Sita Diehl (Friend­ship and Care), joined by facil­i­ta­tors from both Friends Jour­nal and QPCC. 

Big props to FJ’s vol­un­teer co-news edi­tor Windy Cool­er, who’s been orga­niz­ing all this (she also con­duct­ed an inter­view for the issue).


Over forty peo­ple came to the pre­sen­ta­tion. It was quite mov­ing and itself mod­eled a car­ing com­mu­ni­ty. I’m grate­ful to see this issue be get­ting more atten­tion from Friends. It was not record­ed, for pri­va­cy’s sake, but there will be fol­low up.

When the Danger is Us: The March Friends Journal

March 11, 2022

I’m reshar­ing my March Friends Jour­nal “Among Friends” col­umn here, with a few links and extra thoughts.

For many of us, the act of walk­ing into a meet­ing­house or Friends church, sit­ting on the bench, pew, or chair and clos­ing our eyes brings an imme­di­ate sense of seren­i­ty. We can for­get our wor­ries, our to-dos, our laun­dry and dish­es pil­ing up back home and set­tle into the sweet wor­ship. Togeth­er, safe inside our beloved com­mu­ni­ty, we can turn our atten­tion to the prompt­ing of the Spir­it. There may be wor­ries inside that sacred space — social con­cerns to hold and dis­cern, the joys and sor­rows of fel­low­ship. But the wor­ship space itself is safe, a refuge of Light to inspire, recharge, and reset ourselves.

This is not the expe­ri­ence of every vis­i­tor to a Quak­er space. I’ve been in three sit­u­a­tions in Quak­er meet­ings where my kids have been in close con­tact with some­one who I lat­er learned was a ser­i­al child abuser. I’ve been at Quak­er events where assaults against young adults hap­pened, whis­pered but nev­er pub­licly acknowl­edged to pro­tect the pri­va­cy of the vic­tim — and per­haps of the spon­sor­ing organization.

Two accounts in this issue come from year­ly meet­ings (South­east Year­ly Meet­ing, North Pacif­ic Year­ly Meet­ing) that dis­cov­ered that well-liked — even beloved — youth pro­gram work­ers had been assault­ing teenagers at year­ly meet­ing events. The respons­es of Friends were not always help­ful (one even rein­stat­ed the abuser only to find out there had been more undis­closed vic­tims). Mul­ti­ple authors point out that their meet­ings had no pol­i­cy in place and that the gath­ered body fierce­ly strug­gled to bal­ance com­pet­ing feel­ings of shock, fear, and denial with desires for mer­cy and justice.

If any­thing is unique about Friends’ respons­es, it is our desire to want to see the Light in all, to trust and for­give as we try to under­stand the roots of per­son­al vio­lence. While admirable qual­i­ties, they can some­times leave us unique­ly vul­ner­a­ble to manip­u­la­tion an obser­va­tion made by a few of this month’s authors. As a self-organized soci­ety that is some­times sus­pi­cious of pro­fes­sion­al­ism, we can be ill-equipped to look for, iden­ti­fy, and respond to these kinds of disclosures.

But we need not despair. There are plen­ty of resources out there (Lau­ra McGuire’s “Han­dle with Care: Prepar­ing and Respond­ing to Dis­clo­sures” is a must-read on this). There are pro­fes­sion­als who have stud­ied the issue of abuse in reli­gious com­mu­ni­ties, many of them mem­bers of our own com­mu­ni­ty. There are also year­ly meet­ings that have gone through the pain and heart­break and devel­oped poli­cies that can act as mod­els for all of us.

Need­less to say, these are hard issues and they may be trig­ger­ing. Emo­tions can run high just read­ing these arti­cles. Please exer­cise all the self care you need.

Further thoughts:

There’s a lot of brav­ery among the writ­ers in this issue. Many felt quite ner­vous talk­ing about these issues in such a pub­lic forum. They have expe­ri­enced push-back in pre­vi­ous attempts to raise expe­ri­ences of abuse in Quak­er cir­cles. I’m real­ly proud of the authors and grate­ful that Friends Jour­nal can pub­lish an issue like this.

There’s a online pan­el talk being orga­nized with many of the authors, along with some great co-sponsors. Details are still being worked out but we’re look­ing at March 23 at 1pm ET. I’ll post here when sign-ups are starting.

The documents of Quaker slavery

February 28, 2022

Today Friends Jour­nal is fea­tur­ing two inter­views in two media on the man­u­mis­sion project out of Haver­ford Col­lege. As it hap­pens, I’m the inter­view­er on both!

For those of you turn­ing to the dic­tio­nary, man­u­mis­sions are the doc­u­ments promis­ing the free­dom of enslaved humans. Despite our pop­u­lar image, Quak­ers enslaved Africans for over a cen­tu­ry, start­ing with Quak­er on Bar­ba­dos in the 1660s. That island was the first fab­u­lous­ly suc­cess­ful British colony in the West­ern Hemi­sphere and that econ­o­my was built on sug­ar and slaves. Quak­er mis­sion­ar­ies con­vert­ed slave-owning White Bar­ba­di­ans.1

Bar­ba­dos became less friend­ly to Quak­ers in fol­low­ing decades (repres­sive laws, nat­ur­al dis­as­ters) and many moved to William Penn’s new colony in the 1680s, bring­ing their enslaved peo­ple and a Quak­er accep­tance of human bondage with them. Kather­ine Gerbner’s “Slav­ery in the Quak­er World” is a good place to start with this his­to­ry (and yes, I inter­viewed her too a few years ago).

Some Friends start­ed for­mal­ly writ­ing against slav­ery start­ing in 1688 but rich, slave-holding Friends (includ­ing William Penn) didn’t agree and the protests were shelved. It wasn’t until 1776 that Friends in Philadel­phia for­mal­ly acknowl­edged that human bondage and Quak­er prin­ci­ples were opposed. Slave-owning Friends had two choic­es: free those in their bondage or be dis­owned from the reli­gious society.

The man­u­mis­sion papers are the receipts of the for­mer Friends. Copies of the free­dom promis­es were sent up the chain of Quak­er bureau­cra­cy as proof and even­tu­al­ly end­ed up in the archives of Haver­ford College.

My first inter­view, “Inside Haverford’s Man­u­mis­sion Archives,” is with David Satten-López, the Haver­ford fel­low­ship stu­dent who dig­i­tized a por­tion of these records, and Mary Crauderu­eff, who heads Haverford’s Quak­er collections.

The sec­ond inter­view is a video con­ver­sa­tion with Avis Wan­da McClin­ton, a strong voice on remem­ber­ing the Quak­er his­to­ry of forced bondage.

I’m so glad we’re talk­ing about this trag­ic his­to­ry more and hap­py that folks like Avis, Mary, and David have let me be part of the conversation.

George Lakey on people power in Ukraine

February 25, 2022

The Quak­er activist looks back at non­vi­o­lent resis­tance strug­gles to pre­vi­ous super­pow­er inva­sions in places like 1968 Czecho­slo­va­kia and 1940s Denmark.

What strikes me as extra­or­di­nary about these and oth­er suc­cess­ful cas­es is that the non­vi­o­lent com­bat­ants engaged in their strug­gle with­out the ben­e­fit of train­ing. What army com­man­der would order troops into com­bat with­out train­ing them first? 

We’ve been talk­ing about these kinds of resis­tance in peace cir­cles for decades and kudos to Gene Sharp, who cat­e­go­rized a lot of the tech­niques, and Eri­ca Chenoweth, who has done a lot more recent work. When peo­ple doubt that paci­fism can work, we can turn to this research to prove it does — or can. The trou­ble is the body count can get high. Putin’s not an empa­thet­ic guy and it seems his para­noia and mega­lo­ma­nia is get­ting worse. I’m wor­ried that he’s not above an extend­ed blood­bath if it feeds his vision of a greater Russian.

https://​wag​ingnon​vi​o​lence​.org/​2​0​2​2​/​0​2​/​u​k​r​a​i​n​e​-​d​o​e​s​n​t​-​n​e​e​d​-​t​o​-​m​a​t​c​h​-​r​u​s​s​i​a​s​-​m​i​l​i​t​a​r​y​-​m​i​g​h​t​-​t​o​-​d​e​f​e​n​d​-​a​g​a​i​n​s​t​-​i​n​v​a​s​i​on/

War is (still) not the answer

February 25, 2022

Over on Friends Jour­nal, we’re reshar­ing this 2014 inter­view with Diane Ran­dall, who was then head of Friends Com­mit­tee on Nation­al Legislation.

Diane’s suc­ces­sor Brid­get Moix, has writ­ten a State­ment on Rus­si­a’s inva­sion of Ukraine. These kinds of state­ments always depress me because they’re always so pre­dictable — war is stu­pid, we’re Quak­ers, we believe in peace, every­one should back off of the war — but what else can you do? The truth is the truth, no mat­ter how many times we have to repeat it. Rinse and repeat as nations con­tin­ue to use mil­i­tary force to oppress others.

War is Not the Answer