Interesting article overall but I was especially saddened by the laws passed when Friends were firmly in control of the city’s governing council:
The council passed a law, in 1693, prohibiting African people from gathering in the city’s public spaces for the performance of religious dance and music. They called them “tumultuous gatherings.”
Seven years later, in 1700, the council prohibited gatherings of more than four black people.
1732, no black dancing or singing in public on Sunday.
1741, no “disorder” produced by African people at Court House Square.
https://hiddencityphila.org/2020/06/performance-of-freedom‑1/
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